Laser Material Deposition

Our range of services

At the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Laser Material Deposition (LMD) has been intensively researched and systematically developed for a wide range of applications and industries for more than 30 years.

With LMD, metal layers with thicknesses between 0.01 mm and 2 mm can be applied with high precision to almost any metallic material in a very short time. By overlapping several deposited tracks, two-dimensional coatings, for example for wear and corrosion protection or functional coatings, can be produced. If several layers are deposited on top of each other, the process can also be used for additive manufacturing including processes for repair applications and individualization of prefabricated parts (hybrid AM). Due to the precisely controllable energy input, components and alloys that are generally considered difficult to weld can be processed. The easy adaptability and flexibility for different fields of application (coating, repair and additive manufacturing) and its simple integrability into existing process chains make the process particularly attractive for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Beschichtung einer PKW-Bremsscheibe mittels EHLA.
© Fraunhofer ILT, Aachen.
Coating of a car brake disc using EHLA
6-Achs-Knickarm-Roboter mit Draht-Auftragschweißkopf und Werkzeugwechsler.
© Fraunhofer ILT, Aachen.
6-axis robot with processing head for wire LMD and tool changer
Hybrid-additiv gefertigte BLISK mit Prozessmessdaten-Repräsentation.
© Fraunhofer ILT, Aachen.
Process measurement data projected on a BLISK produced with hybrid additive manufacturing

Fraunhofer ILT supports you from idea generation and consulting to the development of adapted processes, system technology and process monitoring up to process transfer to customized machines. A wide range of available machine and system technology, analysis capacity and comprehensive know-how in development for diverse user industries, such as aerospace, automotive or energy, allow the efficient implementation of a diverse projects.

Coating LMD and Heat Treatment

  • Laser Material Deposition with layer thicknesses starting at 30 µm
  • Extreme High-speed Laser Material Deposition (EHLA)
  • Wear and corrosion protection, as well as functional layers
  • Development of ready-to-use processes for large-scale production
  • Process chains for Laser Material Deposition with integration of upstream and downstream process steps
  • Pre-development, conversion and equipping of innovative plant and system technology for powder-based processes
  • Development of customized materials
  • Qualification of new material classes (e. g. HEA)
  • Graded and hybrid materials
  • Processing of extreme brittle materials

Viktor Glushych M. Sc.

Phone: +49 241 8906-152
E-Mail: viktor.glushych@ilt.fraunhofer.de

 

Additive manufacturing and repair LMD

  • Process development and validation for additive manufacturing and repair using Laser Material Deposition with various kinematics (CNC, robotic, and tripod)
  • Additive manufacturing and repair of large, high-value components
  • Powder-based Laser Material Deposition with specially adapted powder feed system technology
  • Wire-based Laser Material Deposition with specially developed coaxial wire welding optics
  • EHLA3D: further development of the highly productive EHLA coating process for additive manufacturing and free-form surface processing
  • System-integrated scanning and adaptive path planning on free-form surfaces

Min-Uh Ko M.Sc.

Phone: +49 241 8906-8441
E-Mail: min-uh.ko@ilt.fraunhofer.de

Brochures

Our brochures offer a quick view onto our service portfolio. Find more detailed information in the “project results“ tab.

 

"Effective protection against wear and corrosion with the EHLA-Process"

 

"Laser technology for repair and functionalization"

 

"System engineering for powder-based laser cladding"

 

"Material development for Additive Manufacturing"

Videos

 

Effective brake disc protection with EHLA

 

Cost-efficient 3D printing with wire LMD

 

ProLMD: Process and system technology for hybrid additive manufacturing with LMD

 

futureAM - Next Generation Additive Manufacturing

 

Corrosion protection: coating components with LMD

 

More Videos

A selection of videos on additive manufacturing and other R&D topics can be found on the Fraunhofer ILT YouTube page. 

-> Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis 2018 for the EHLA team

Markets

Laser technology can solve demanding tasks in many different industries. Whether as a tool in automotive production, as measuring equipment in the environmental sector, as a diagnostic or therapeutic instrument in medical technology or as a communication medium in space technology, the laser provides multiple uses with high productivity and high efficiency.

Read up about the innovations of the Fraunhofer ILT in a few selected industries and convince yourself!

 

Research with us!

Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions about general topics! Our contact persons are happy to get in touch with you.

Project Results

Here you will find a selection of approved project results (annual reports), as PDF downloads, from the range of products and services on “Laser Material Deposition“ from the last few years. Are you looking for further information? Simply get in touch with us - our contact persons will be happy to answer your questions and talk to you.

Process and application development

Glushych, V., Schopphoven, T.:
Gleichzeitig beschichten und bearbeiten.
Journal für Oberflächentechnik 63, 12-13 (2023)

Maischner, D., Hama-Saleh Abdullah, R., Koa, M., Glushych, V., Weisheit, A.:
Laser cladding of forming tools for bipolar plates for wear protection and repair.
WLT/LiM Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2023. 26. – 29. Juni 2023, München Germany.
Proceedings of World of Photonics, (5 S.), (2023)

Steiner, M.F., Clemens, M., Olschok, S., Reisgen, U., Kelbassa, J., Schopphoven, T., Haefner, C.L.:
Richtungsunabhängiges Laserstrahl-MSG-Hybridschweißen mit Ringfokus und koaxialer Drahtzuführung für das Verbindungsschweißen und die additive Fertigung.
SCHWEIßEN UND SCHNEIDEN 75, 904-910 (2023)

Kürnsteiner, P., Barriobero-Vilad, P., Bajaj, P., De Geuser, F., Wilms, M.B., Jägle, E.A., Raabe, D.:
Designing an Fe-Ni-Ti maraging steel tailor-made for laser additive manufacturing.
Additive Manufacturing 73, 103647- (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103647

Glushych, V., Schopphoven, T.:
Gleichzeitig beschichten und bearbeiten.
Journal für Oberflächentechnik 63, 12-13 (2023)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35144-023-2558-x

Li, T., Zhang, L., Chen, G., Schopphoven, T., Gasser, A., Poprawe, R.:
Eigenstrain reconstruction of residual stress and its application in extreme high-speed laser material deposition.
Journal of Manufacturing Processes 85, 1054-1065 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.11.078

Steiner, M.F., Lohrer, P., Schopphoven, T., Haefner, C.L.:
Setup for electrical resistance measurement for laser material deposition with coaxial wire feed and use for process control.
Journal of Laser Applications 35(1), 12002- (2023)
https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000766

Li, Z., Lin, X., Zhao, X., Ma, X., Hao, Z., Yao, B., Zhong, C., Gasser, A., Tan, H., Sui, S., Chen, J.:
Introducing a Single Crystal Structure in Polycrystalline Inconel 718 Superalloy Via Laser Directed Energy Deposition.
SSRN - (2023)
https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4265492

Singh, A.K., Mundada, Y., Bajaj, P., Wilms, M.B., Patil, J.P., Mishra, S.K., Arora, A.:
Microstructure engineering during directed energy deposition of Al-0.5Sc-0.5Si using heated build platform.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 202, 123679- (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123679

Brucki, M., Schmickler, T, Gasser, A., Häfner, C.L.:
Influence of the Relative Position of Powder–Gas Jet and Laser Beam on the Surface Properties of Inconel 625 Coatings Produced by Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition (EHLA).
Coatings 13, 998- (2023)
https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13060998

Barnowski, D., Dahmen, M., Farkas, T., Petring, D., Petschke, U., Pootz, M., Schäl, R.:
Multifunctional laser processing with a digital twin.
Procedia CIRP 111, 822-826 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.08.091

Rittinghaus, S-K., Ali, A., Hecht, U.:
Intrinsic Heat Treatment of an Additively Manufactured Medium Entropy AlCrFe2Ni2-Alloy.
Metals and Materials International 29, 579-590 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01246-0

Li, T., Zhang, L., Chen, G., Pirch, N., Schopphoven, T., Gasser, A., Poprawe, R.:
A combined heat source model for the prediction of residual stress post extreme high-speed laser material deposition.
Journal of Manufacturing Processes 78, 265-277 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.03.055

Steiner, M.F., Clemens, M., Olschok, S., Reisgen, U., Kelbassa, J., Schopphoven, T., Haefner, C.L.:
Richtungsunabhängiges Laser-MSG-Hybridschweißen mit Ringfokus und koaxialer Drahtzuführung für das Verbindungsschweißen und die additive Fertigung.
DVS-BERICHTE 382, DVS, Düsseldorf, 730-736 (2022)

Li, T., Zhang, L., Chen, G., Schopphoven, T., Gasser, A., Poprawe, R.:
Process Prediction for Repair of High-Speed Train Wheelseat Axle by Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition (EHLA).
ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Nov 1-5 2021, Online.
Proceedings of the ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2021), Volume 2A - (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2021-72272

Schaible, J., Hausch, D., Schopphoven, T., Häfner, C.:
Deposition strategies for generating cuboid volumes using extreme high-speed directed energy deposition.
Journal of Laser Applications 34(4), 42034- (2022)
http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000770 (Open Access)

Clemens, M., Warnecke, L., Olschok, S., Reisgen, U., Steiner, M.F.:
Direction-independent laser-GMA hybrid welding with coaxial wire feed and annular beam
Welding in the World 67, 89–97, (2022)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-022-01427-w

Steiner, M.F., Meyer, P., Riessner, L., Clemens, M., Olschok, S., Kelbassa, J., Schopphoven, T., Haefner, C.L.:
Koaxiales Laser Lichtbogen Hybridschweißen als additives Verfahren - COLLAR Hybrid AM.
DVS-BERICHTE, DVS, Düsseldorf, 129-134 (2022)

Fischer, T., Kuhn, B., Fan, X., Wilms, M. B.:
Additive Manufacturing Potentials of High Performance Ferritic (HiperFer) Steels.
Applied Sciences 12, 7234- (2022)
https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147234

Zhong, C., Backes, G., Johann, L.M., Kittel, J., Schopphoven, T., Küppers, W.:
Development of a novel green coating process with laser.
Scientific Reports 12, 6314- (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10351-4

Li Z., Sui S., Ma X., Tan H., Zhong C., Bi G., Clare A., Gasser A., Chen J.:
High deposition rate powder- and wire-based laser directed energy deposition of metallic materials: A review.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE 181, 103942- (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2022.103942

Oeser, S., Preußner, J., Rödler, G., Pirch, N., Weisheit, A.:
Laser Metal Deposition of a Near-Eutectic Al-Ni Alloy.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 24, 2200696- (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202200696

Kelbassa, J, Biber, A., Steiner M.F.:
Process development and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples generated by laser material deposition with coaxial wire feed.
Journal of Laser Applications 34 (2), 022003, (2022)
https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000491

Zhao, T., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Wang, M., Bakir, M., Dahmen, M., Gasser, A., Häfner, C.L.:
of an AlMgScZr-Alloy in High-Speed Process Regimes.
SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4059735 or 
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4059735

Steiner, M.F., Speier, M., Kelbassa, J., Schopphoven, T., Häfner, C.L.:
Influence of tool path planning on process stability and deposition accuracy in laser material deposition with coaxial wire feed.
Journal of Laser Applications 34(1), 012026 - (2022)
https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000483

Singh, A. K., Mundada, Y., Bajaj, P., Wilms, M. B., Jägle, E. A., Raabe, D.:
Investigation of temperature distribution and solidification morphology in multi-layered directed energy deposition of Al-0.5Sc-0.5Si alloy.
Additive Manufacturing 186, 122492- (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122492

Zhong, C., Liu, J., Backes, G., Zhao, T., Schopphoven, T., Gasser, A.:
3D printing of large-scale components of titanium alloys under open atmosphere.
Materials Today Communications 28, 102688, (2021)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102688

Zhao, T., Xu, T., Wang, Y., Bakir, M., Cai, W., Wang, M., Dahmen, M., Zheng, Q., Wei, X., Hong, C., Zhong, C., Albus, P., Schopphovena, T., Gasser, A., Häfner, C.L.:
Some Factors Affecting Porosity in Directed Energy Deposition of AlMgScZr-Alloys.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 143 - (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107337

Doñate-Buendia, C., Kürnsteiner, P., Stern, F., Wilms, M. B., Streubel, R., Kusoglu, I. M., Tenkamp, J., Bruder E., Pirch, N., Barcikowski, S., Durst, K., Schleifenbaum, J. H. , Walther, F., Gault, B., Gökce, B.:
Microstructure formation and mechanical properties of ODS steels built by Laser Additive Manufacturing of nanoparticle coated iron-chromium powders.
ACTA MATERIALIA 206; 116566- (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116566

Asabre, A., Wilms, M. B., Kostka, A., Gemagami, P., Weisheit, A., Pfetzing-Micklich, J., Laplanche, G.:
Laser metal deposition on a tool steel of an Al0.6CoCrFeNi compositionally complex alloy with Ti & C additions using elemental powder blends.
SURFACE AND COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 418; 27233- (2021)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127233

Zhong, C., Liu, J., Zhao, T., Schopphoven T., Fu, J., Gasser, A., Schleifenbaum J.H.:
Laser Metal Deposition of Ti6Al4V —A Brief Review.
Applied Sciences 10; 764-776 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030764

Zhao, T., Dahmen, M., Cai, W., Alkhayat, M., Schaible, J., Zhong, C., Hong, C., Biermann, T., Zhang, H., Gu D., Weisheit, A., Gasser, A., Schleifenbaum J.H.:
Laser Metal Deposition for Additive Manufacturing of AA5024 and Nanoparticulate TiC Modified AA5024 Alloy Composites Prepared with Balling Milling Process.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 131; 106438- (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106438

Schaible, J., Hau, L. A., Weber, D., Schopphoven, T., Häfner, C., Schleifenbaum, J. H.:
Particle Velocity Measurement in Powder Gas Jets of Coaxial Powder Nozzles for Laser Material Deposition.
Journal of Laser Applications; 4- (2020)
http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000296

Schaible, J., Sayk, L., Schopphoven, T., Schleifenbaum, J. H., Häfner, C.:
Development of a High-speed Laser Material Deposition Process for Additive Manufacturing.
Journal of Laser Applications33(1), 119- (2020)
http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000320

Schaible, J., Brucki, M., Pirch, N., Schopphoven, T., Hau, L. A., Schleifenbaum, J. H.:
Analysis of the Process Conditions for the Coating of Grey Cast Iron Brake Discs through Laser Material Deposition.
Eurobrake 2020 International braking technology community, Online presentations and downloadable papers. Proceedings of Eurobrake 2020, Paper EB2020-MDS-020 (8 S.), (2020)
https://doi.org/10.46720/eb2020-mds-020

Bobzin, K., Wietheger, W., Knoch, M. A., Sommer, J., Brucki, M., Schopphoven, T., Schleifenbaum, J. H., Häfner, C.:

Kombination einer laserauftraggeschweißten Korrosionsschutzschicht und einer thermisch gespritzten Verschleißschutzschicht

Thermal Spray Bulletin 13(2), 114-121(2020)

Molina, V., Weisheit, A., Gein, S., Hecht, U., Vogiatzief, D.:
Laser Metal Deposition of Ultra-fine Duplex AlCrFe2Ni2-based High Entropy Alloy.
frontiers in Materials 7, 275- (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00275

Maischner, D., Fritsching, U., Kini, A., Weisheit, A., Uhlenwinkel, V., Johannes Henrich Schleifenbaum, J.H., Biermann, T.:
Laser additive manufacturing of copper - chromium - niobium alloys using gas atomized powder.
International Journal of Materials Research 111; 587-593 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111912

Kürnsteiner, P., Wilms, M. B., Weisheit, A., Gault, B., Jägle, E. A., Raabe, D.:
High-strength Damascus steel by additive manufacturing.
Nature 582; 515-519 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2409-3

Kittel, J., Gasser, A., Wissenbach, K., Zhong, C., Schleifenbaum, J., Palm, F.;
Case study on AM of an IN718 aircraft component using the LMD process.
Procedia CIRP 94; Elsevier BV; 324-329 (2020)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.061

Kini, A.R., Maischner, D., Weisheit, A., Ponge, D., Gault, B., Jägle, E.A., Raabe, D.:
In-situ synthesis via laser metal deposition of a lean Cu-3.4Cr-0.6Nb(at.%) conductive alloy hardened by Cr nano-scale precipitates and by Laves phase micro-particles.
ACTA MATERIALIA 197; 330-340 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.035

Kies, F., Wilms, M.B., Pirch, N., Pradeep, K.G., Schleifenbaum J.H., Haase, C.:
Defect formation and prevention in directed energy deposition of high-manganese steels and the effect on mechanical properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A 772 - (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138688

Hecht, Ulrike, Requena, Guillermo, Rödler, Georg, Bugelnig, Katrin, Sket, Federico, Milenkovic, Srdjan, Weisheit, Andreas, Gussone, Joachim, Haubrich, Jan, Pusztai, T., Granasy, L., Theofilatos, A., Cesar da Silva, J., Barriobero-VIla, P.:
Ultrafine Fe-Fe2Ti eutectics by laser metal deposition: insights into microstructure formation based on experimental techniques and phase field modelling.
Additive Manufacturing 33; 101133- (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101133

Fischer, T., Kuhn, B., Rieck, D., Schulz, A., Trieglaff, R., Wilms, M. B.:
Fatigue cracking of additively manufactured materials – Process and
material perspectives.
Applied Sciences 10; 5556- (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165556

Doñate-Buendi, C., Streubel, R., Kürnsteiner, P., Wilms,M. B., Stern, F., Tenkamp, J.,Bruder, E., Barcikowski, S., Gault, B., Durst, K., Schleifenbaum, J. H., Walther, F., Gökce, B. ,
Effect of nanoparticle additivation on properties of oxide dispersion strengthened steels produced by laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition.
Procedia CIRP 94; 41-45 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.009

Ünal-Saewe, T., Vedder, C., Vervoort, S., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Digitaler Zwilling im Produktlebenszyklus additiv gefertigter Komponenten
Frenz W. (eds) Handbuch Industrie 4.0: Recht, Technik, Gesellschaft. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58474-3_30

Schopphoven, T. , Schleifenbaum, J. H., Tharmakulasingam, S., Schulte, O.:
Setting Sights on a 3D Process: Extreme high-speed laser material deposition, or EHLA, is now being developed into an additive manufacturing process
PhotonicsViews, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 64–68 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1002/phvs.201900041

Stryzhyboroda, O., Hecht, U., Witusiewicz, V.T., Laplanche, G., Asabre, A., Wilms, M.B., Weisheit, A.:
Precipitation Hardenable High Entropy Alloy for Tooling Applications.
MRS Advances 4, 1427-1433 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.146

Kürnsteiner, P., Harihana, A., Jung, H.Y., Peter, N., Wilms, M.B., Weisheit, A., Barriobero-Vila, P., Gault, B., Raabe, D., Hägle, E.A.:
Application of Atom Probe Tomography to Complex Microstructures of Laser Additively Manufactured Samples.
Manufacturing Letters 25; 2514-2515 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619013308

Kelbassa, J., Biber, A., Wissenbach, K., Gasser, A., Pütsch, O., Loosen, P., Schleifenbaum, J.H.: Influence of focal length on the laser metal deposition process with coaxial wire feeding
SPIE LASE, 2019, San Francisco, California, United States, 02-07 Feb 2019. Proc. SPIE 10911, High-Power Laser Materials Processing: Applications, Diagnostics, and Systems VIII, 09110D (12 S.) (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507799

Kelbassa, J., Gasser, A., Bremer, J., Pütsch, O., Poprawe, R., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Equipment and process windows for laser metal deposition with coaxial wire feeding.
Journal of Laser Applications 31, 22320- (2019)
https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5096112

Buchert, T., Ko, N., Graf, R., Vollmer, T., Alkhayat, M. Brandenburg, E., Stark, R. Klocke, F., Leistner, P., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Increasing resource efficiency with an engineering decision support system for comparison of product design variants.
Journal of Cleaner Production 210; 1051-1062 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.104

Bold, M.-N., Pirch, N., Ziegler, S., Schleifenbaum J.H.:
Evaluation of Offline Path Planning for Laser Metal Deposition on Freeform Surfaces.
WLT/LiM Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2019 Munich, June 24 - 27, 2019.
Proceedings of World of Photonics, (7 S.) 1-7 (2019)

Bold, M., Linnenbrink, S., Pirch, N., Gasser, A., Mund, J., Schleifenbaum, J. H.:
Powder Based Laser Material deposition on Edges
The 38th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO® 2019).
October 7-10, 2019, ORLANDO, FL USA. ICALEO 2019 Proceedings, paper LAM 404, (9 S.), (2019)

Bold, M., Zielinski, J., Ziegler, S., Schleifenbaum, J. H.:
Study of Laser Metal Deposition of IN718 on Inclined Planes: Influence of Inclination on Height and Width of Deposited Material.
MAMC- Metal Additive Manufacturing Conference 2019, Orebro, Sweden.
Proceedings of the Metal Additive Manufacturing Conference, 137-145, (2019)

Poprawe, R., Hinke, C., Meiners, W., Eibl, F., Zarei, O., Voshage, M., Ziegler, S., Schleifenbaum, J. H., Gasser, A., Schopphoven, T., Willenborg, E., Flemmer, J., Weingarten, C., Finger, J., Reininghaus, M.:
Digital photonic production along the lines of industry 4.0
Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing (LAMOM) XXIII, Proceedings Volume 10519; 1051907 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292316

Zhao, T., Cai, W., Dahmen, M., Schaible, J., Hong, C., Gasser, A., Weisheit, A., Biermann, T., Kelbassa, I., Zhang, H., Gu, D., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Ageing response of an Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy processed by laser metal deposition in thin-wall structures.
Vacuum 158; 121-125 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.052

Ünsal, I., Hama-Saleh, R., Sviridov, A., Bambach, M., Weisheit, A., Schleifenbaum, J.H.,
Mechanical Properties of Sheet Metal Components with Local Reinforcement Produced by Additive Manufacturing.
21st International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming, ESAFORM 2018, 23 -25 April 2018 Palermo, Italy.
AIP Conference Proceedings 1960(1), 160028- (6 S.) (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5035054

Kelbassa, J., Gasser, A., Bremer, J., Pütsch, O., Poprawe, R., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Influence of focal length on the laser metal Deposition with Coaxial Wire Feeding.
37th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2018), 14-18 Okt. 2018, Orlando/FL USA. ICALEO 2018 Proceedings, Paper #802. X S. (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507799

Pirch, N., Niessen, M., Linnenbrink, S., Schopphoven, T., Gasser, A., Poprawe, R., Schöler, C., Arntz, D., Schulz, W.:
Temperature field and residual stress distribution for laser metal deposition
JLA 30 (3), 32503- (5 S.) (2018)
https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5040634

Zhong, C., Pirch, N., Gasser, A., Poprawe, R., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
The Influence of the Powder Stream on High-Deposition-Rate Laser Metal Deposition with Inconel 718.
Metals; 443- (2017)
https://doi.org/10.3390/met7100443

Wilms, M.B., Biermann, T., Rolink, G., Weisheit, A., Poprawe, R.:
Growing of bulk sapphire single crystals using laser material deposition.
Journal of Laser Applications 29; 1-7 (2017)
http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4983638

Bambach, M., Sviridov, A., Weisheit, A., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Case Studies on Local Reinforcement of Sheet Metal Components by Laser Additive Manufacturing.
Metals 7, 1-14 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.3390/met7040113

Lotfian, S., Rolink, G., Weisheit, A., Palm, M.:
Chemically graded Fe–Al/steel samples fabricated by laser metal deposition.
MRS Advances 2; 1393-1398 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.124

Kürnsteiner, P., Wilms, M.B., Weisheit, A., Barriobero-Vila, P., Jägle, E., Raabe, D:
Massive nanoprecipitation in an Fe-19Ni-xAl maraging steel triggered by the intrinsic heat treatment during laser metal deposition.
ACTA MATERIALIA 129; 52-60 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.069

Bambach, M., Sviridov, A., Weisheit, A., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Case Studies on Local Reinforcement of Sheet Metal Components by Laser Additive Manufacturing.
Metals 7; 1-14 (2017)

https://doi.org/10.3390/met7040113

Alkhayat, M., Gasser, A., Arntz, K., Klingbeil, N., Vollmer, T.:
Additive Fertigung "Vom Pulver zum Fertigteil".
Ressourceneffizienz. Neugebauer, Reimund (Hrsg.) Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Vieweg; 151-152 (2017)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52889-1_9

Klocke, F., Vollmer, T., Klingbeil, N., Wegener, M., Alkhayat, M., Lahl, M., Kluth, A.:
E3-Produktion: Ultrakurze Prozessketten bewerten und verbessern.
ZWF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 2016; 527-530 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.3139/104.111583

Systems engineering

Schaible, J., Hau, L. A., Weber, D., Schopphoven, T., Häfner, C., Schleifen-baum, J. H.:
Particle Velocity Measurement in Powder Gas Jets of Coaxial Powder Nozzles for Laser Material Deposition
39th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, October 18-21, 2021, San Diego.
ICALEO 2020 Proceedings, paper 4 (10 S.) (2020)
https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000296

Schaible, J., Sayk, L., Schopphoven, T., Schleifenbaum, J. H., Häfner, C.:
Development of a High-speed Laser Material Deposition Process for Additive Manufacturing
39th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, October 18-21, 2021, San Diego. ICALEO 2020 Proceedings, paper 119 (10 S.) (2020)
https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000320

T. Schopphoven, J. H. Schleifenbaum, S. Tharmakulasingam, and O. Schulte:
Setting Sights on a 3D Process: Extreme high-speed laser material deposition, or EHLA, is now being developed into an additive manufacturing process
PhotonicsViews, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 64–68 (2019)
doi: 10.1002/phvs.201900041

Kelbassa, J., Gasser, A., Bremer, J., Pütsch, O., Poprawe, R., Schleifenbaum, J.H.:
Equipment and process windows for laser metal deposition with coaxial wire feeding
Journal of Laser Applications 31, 22320- (2019)
https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5096112

Pirch, N., Niessen, M., Linnenbrink, S., Schopphoven, T., Gasser, A., Poprawe, R., Schöler, C., Arntz, D., Schulz, W.:
Temperature field and residual stress distribution for laser metal deposition
36th Int. Congr. on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, ICALEO, Oct. 22-26, 2017, Atlanta, GA USA. Paper 1204 (5 S.) (2017)

Klocke, F., Vollmer, T., Klingbeil, N., Wegener, M., Alkhayat, M., Lahl, M., Kluth, A. :
E3-Produktion: Ultrakurze Prozessketten bewerten und verbessern
ZWF – Zs. Wirtschaftl. Fabrikbetrieb 2016 (09), 527-530 (2016)

Gasser, A.:
Fertigen und Instandsetzen mit generativen Laserverfahren
MM Maschinenmarkt 38, 44-47 (2014)

Digitalization concepts for Laser Material Deposition

Ünal-Saewe, T., Vedder, C., Vervoort, S., Schleifenbaum, J.H.: 
Digitaler Zwilling im Produktlebenszyklus additiv gefertigter Komponenten
Frenz W. (eds) Handbuch Industrie 4.0: Recht, Technik, Gesellschaft. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58474-3_30

Poprawe, R., Hinke, C., Meiners, W., Eibl, F., Zarei, O., Voshage, M., Ziegler, S., Schleifenbaum, J. H., Gasser, A., Schopphoven, T., Willenborg, E., Flemmer, J., Weingarten, C., Finger, J., Reininghaus, M.:
Digital photonic production along the lines of industry 4.0
Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing (LAMOM) XXIII, Proceedings Volume 10519; 1051907 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292316

Klocke, F., Poprawe, R., Schmitt, R., Gasser, A., Arntz, K., Grosse Böckmann, M., Klingbeil, N., Kerkhoff, J., Vollmer, T., Wegener, M., Alkhayat, M.:
Investigation and assessment of a laser addiditve manufacturing based process chain by the example of an injection mold
Proc. of the 3rd Fraunhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference (DDMC16), Berlin, Germany (5 S.) (2016)

Bi, G., Sun, C. N., Gasser, A.: 
Study on influential factors for process monitoring and control in laser aided additive manufacturing
J. Mat. Proc. Technol. 213 (3), 463-468 (2013)

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